The City of Bristol's Backyard Vineyards: Grape-Treading Fruit in City Gardens
Every 20 minutes or so, an ageing diesel train arrives at a spray-painted station. Nearby, a police siren pierces the almost continuous road noise. Daily travelers rush by collapsing, ivy-covered garden fences as storm clouds gather.
This is perhaps the last place you anticipate to find a well-established vineyard. However James Bayliss-Smith has cultivated four dozen established plants sagging with plump mauve grapes on a rambling garden plot situated between a row of 1930s houses and a local rail line just north of the city town centre.
"I've seen individuals hiding illegal substances or whatever in those bushes," states Bayliss-Smith. "Yet you simply continue ... and keep tending to your grapevines."
Bayliss-Smith, 46, a filmmaker who also has a fermented beverage company, is not the only urban winemaker. He has pulled together a informal group of cultivators who produce wine from four discreet city grape gardens nestled in private yards and allotments throughout Bristol. The project is sufficiently underground to possess an official name so far, but the collective's WhatsApp group is named Vineyard Dreams.
City Wine Gardens Across the World
So far, the grower's allotment is the sole location listed in the Urban Vineyards Association's upcoming world atlas, which includes better-known urban wineries such as the eighteen hundred vines on the slopes of the French capital's historic Montmartre neighbourhood and more than three thousand vines with views of and within the Italian city. Based in Italy charitable organization is at the forefront of a movement re-establishing urban grape cultivation in historic wine-producing nations, but has identified them all over the world, including cities in East Asia, Bangladesh and Uzbekistan.
"Vineyards help urban areas remain more eco-friendly and more diverse. They protect land from development by establishing long-term, productive agricultural units inside cities," says the association's president.
Like all wines, those produced in cities are a product of the earth the plants grow in, the unpredictability of the climate and the individuals who tend the grapes. "Each vintage embodies the charm, local spirit, landscape and history of a city," notes the president.
Unknown Eastern European Variety
Returning to Bristol, the grower is in a urgent timeline to gather the grapevines he grew from a plant abandoned in his allotment by a Eastern European household. Should the precipitation arrives, then the pigeons may seize their chance to feast again. "Here we have the mystery Polish grape," he comments, as he cleans bruised and rotten grapes from the shimmering bunches. "We don't really know what variety they are, but they are certainly disease-resistant. Unlike premium grapes – Burgundy grapes, white wine grapes and additional renowned French grapes – you don't have to spray them with pesticides ... this could be a unique cultivar that was developed by the Eastern Bloc."
Group Efforts Across Bristol
The other members of the group are additionally taking advantage of sunny interludes between bursts of autumn rain. On the terrace with views of Bristol's shimmering harbour, where medieval merchant vessels once floated with barrels of vintage from France and Spain, one cultivator is collecting her dark berries from about fifty plants. "I love the smell of these vines. The scent is so reminiscent," she says, stopping with a basket of fruit resting on her arm. "It recalls the fragrance of Provence when you open the car windows on holiday."
Grant, fifty-two, who has devoted more than 20 years working for humanitarian organizations in conflict zones, inadvertently took over the grape garden when she moved back to the United Kingdom from East Africa with her household in 2018. She felt an strong responsibility to look after the grapevines in the yard of their recently acquired property. "This vineyard has already survived multiple proprietors," she explains. "I really like the concept of natural stewardship – of passing this on to someone else so they can continue producing from this land."
Sloping Vineyards and Natural Production
A short walk away, the remaining cultivators of the group are busily laboring on the steep inclines of the local river valley. Jo Scofield has established over 150 vines perched on ledges in her expansive property, which descends towards the silty River Avon. "Visitors frequently express amazement," she notes, indicating the tangled grape garden. "It's astonishing to them they are viewing grapevine lines in a urban neighborhood."
Currently, the filmmaker, sixty, is picking bunches of dusty purple Rondo grapes from rows of plants slung across the hillside with the assistance of her child, Luca. The conservationist, a wildlife and conservation film-maker who has worked on Netflix's Great National Parks series and BBC Two's Gardeners' World, was motivated to cultivate vines after seeing her neighbor's grapevines. She has learned that hobbyists can make intriguing, enjoyable traditional vintage, which can sell for upwards of £7 a glass in the growing number of wine bars specialising in minimal-intervention vintages. "It is incredibly satisfying that you can actually make quality, natural wine," she states. "It is quite fashionable, but in reality it's resurrecting an traditional method of making wine."
"When I tread the grapes, the various wild yeasts are released from the skins and enter the juice," explains Scofield, partially submerged in a bucket of small branches, pips and red liquid. "That's how vintages were historically produced, but industrial wineries introduce preservatives to eliminate the wild yeast and subsequently incorporate a commercially produced culture."
Challenging Conditions and Inventive Approaches
A few doors down active senior Bob Reeve, who inspired his neighbor to plant her vines, has gathered his friends to pick Chardonnay grapes from the 100 plants he has laid out neatly across multiple levels. The former teacher, a Lancashire-born PE teacher who worked at Bristol University developed a passion for wine on regular visits to Europe. But it is a difficult task to cultivate Chardonnay grapes in the dampness of the gorge, with cooling tides sweeping in and out from the Bristol Channel. "I aimed to make French-style vintages here, which is a bit bonkers," admits Reeve with amusement. "This variety is late to ripen and very sensitive to mildew."
"I wanted to make Burgundian wines in this environment, which is a bit bonkers"
The temperamental Bristol climate is not the only challenge encountered by grape cultivators. The gardener has been compelled to erect a fence on